Strategic, Defence & Security Studies Concept

subject area of

• A cantilever beam analogy for quantifying higher mode effects in multistorey buildings  Academic Article
• A contextual framework for combating identity theft  Academic Article
• A decision analysis framework for emergency notification: the case of the Sichuan earthquake  Academic Article
• A direct steam generation concentrated solar power plant with a decalin/naphthalene thermochemical storage system  Academic Article
• A new process for ternary separations: Semicontinuous distillation without a middle vessel  Academic Article
• A random forest model for inflow prediction at wastewater treatment plants  Academic Article
• A repair and replacement policy for repairable systems based on probability and mean of profits  Academic Article
• A simple engineering model for the seismic site response of alluvial valleys  Academic Article
• A stepwise-cluster forecasting approach for monthly streamflows based on climate teleconnections  Academic Article
• An Assessment of Integrated Risk Assessment  Academic Article
• An Expected Consequence Approach to Route Choice in the Maritime Transportation of Crude Oil  Academic Article
• An International Outbreak of Salmonellosis Associated with Raw Almonds Contaminated with a Rare Phage Type of Salmonella Enteritidis†  Academic Article
• An approach to feeding high-percentage fish diets to mice for human and wildlife toxicology studies  Academic Article
• An evaluation of germline mutations and reproductive impacts in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to contaminated sediment  Academic Article
• An investigation of tuned liquid dampers equipped with damping screens under 2D excitation  Academic Article
• Analytical Seismic Fragility Analyses of Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems with Threaded Joints  Academic Article
• Analytical prediction of experimental building pounding  Academic Article
• Analytical predictions of the seismic response of friction damped timber shear walls  Academic Article
• Application of Isolation to High-Rise Buildings: A Japanese Design Case Study through a U.S. Design Code Lens  Academic Article
• Application of an in-plane/out-of-plane interaction model for URM infill walls to dynamic seismic analysis of RC frame buildings  Academic Article
• Application of the HBV hydrological model in a flash flood case in Slovenia  Academic Article
• Approximating peak responses in seismically isolated buildings using generalized modal analysis  Academic Article
• Armed Forces and Society  Journal
• Assessing precipitation distribution impacts on droughts on the island of Crete  Academic Article
• Assessing the accessibility of petrochemical facilities during storm surge events  Academic Article
• Assessing the bioremediation potential of algal species indigenous to oil sands process-affected waters on mixtures of oil sands acid extractable organics  Academic Article
• Assessment of the loss of functionality of individual rooms in critical facilities after earthquakes  Academic Article
• BEHAVIOUR OF REHABILITATED STRUCTURAL WALLS  Academic Article
• Barriers to Care: The Challenges for Canadian Refugees and their Health Care Providers  Academic Article
• Bayesian uncertainty analysis in hydrological modeling associated with watershed subdivision level: a case study of SLURP model applied to the Xiangxi River watershed, China  Academic Article
• Blind Predictions of the Seismic Response of a Woodframe House: An International Benchmark Study  Academic Article
• Book Review: America in the Great War: The Rise of the Welfare State  Academic Article
• Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering  Journal
• Buying for armageddon: Business, society, and military spending since the Cuban missile crisis - Boies,JL  Academic Article
• Cadmium (II) removal mechanisms in microbial electrolysis cells  Academic Article
• Canine remote deployment system for urban search and rescue  Academic Article
• Capture and Confinement Stress in White Sucker Exposed to Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent  Academic Article
• Cellular responses in primary epidermal cultures from rainbow trout exposed to zinc chloride  Academic Article
• Characterizing acceleration spikes due to stiffness changes in nonlinear systems  Academic Article
• Chiropractic Services in the Canadian Armed Forces: A Pilot Project  Academic Article
• Choosing vehicle capacity to minimize risk for transporting flammable materials  Academic Article
• Collapse risk of controlled rocking steel braced frames with different post-tensioning and energy dissipation designs  Academic Article
• Combining stated and revealed choice research to simulate the neighbor effect: The case of hybrid-electric vehicles  Academic Article
• Comparative performance of friction damped systems and base isolation systems for earthquake retrofit and aseismic design  Academic Article
• Comparing responses in the performance of sentinel populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) exposed to enriching effluents  Academic Article
• Comparison of Alternative Models for Predicting the Uptake of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Oligochaetes  Academic Article
• Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of laterally-fed membrane chromatography  Academic Article
• Computers and Security  Journal
• Constructing Scientific Authorities: Issue Framing of Chlorinated Disinfection Byproducts in Public Health  Academic Article
• Controlled Rocking CLT Walls for Buildings in Regions of Moderate Seismicity: Design Procedure and Numerical Collapse Assessment  Academic Article
• Correct treatment of rotation of sliding surfaces in a kinematic model of the triple friction pendulum bearing  Academic Article
• Counting the Dead in a Decade of Conflict and Controversy  Academic Article
• Cyclic behavior of precast segmental concrete bridge columns with high performance or conventional steel reinforcing bars as energy dissipation bars  Academic Article
• Data analytics competency for improving firm decision making performance  Academic Article
• Design heuristics for semicontinuous separation processes with chemical reactions  Academic Article
• Development of wood and steel diaphragm hysteretic connector database for performance-based earthquake engineering  Academic Article
• Direct Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Propped Rocking Walls  Academic Article
• Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness  Journal
• Disaster Prevention and Management  Journal
• Disasters  Journal
• Discriminating Tastes: ‘Smart’ Bombs, Non-Combatants, and Notions of Legitimacy in Warfare  Academic Article
• Discussion on a paper by H. C. Tsai and J. M. Kelly  Academic Article
• Dynamic Optimal Countermeasure Selection for Intrusion Response System  Academic Article
• Dynamic and equivalent static procedures for capacity design of controlled rocking steel braced frames  Academic Article
• Dynamic response of a segmented tunnel in saturated soil using a 2.5-D FE-BE methodology  Academic Article
• Dynamic simulation and control of an integrated gasifier/reformer system. Part I: Agile case design and control  Academic Article
• Dynamic simulation and control of an integrated gasifier/reformer system. Part II: Discrete and model predictive control  Academic Article
• EM algorithm for one-shot device testing with competing risks under exponential distribution  Academic Article
• ENGINEERING PERSPECTIVE FOR THE SEISMIC SITE RESPONSE OF ALLUVIAL VALLEYS  Academic Article
• Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration  Journal
• Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics  Journal
• Earthquake Spectra  Journal
• Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety  Journal
• Effect of Elastomeric Snubber Properties on Seismic Response of Vibration-Isolated Mechanical Equipment: An Experimental Study  Academic Article
• Effect of beam-column connection fixity and gravity framing on the seismic collapse risk of special concentrically braced frames  Academic Article
• Effect of peak ground acceleration to velocity ratio on ductility demand of inelastic systems  Academic Article
• Effect of support rotation on triple friction pendulum bearing behavior  Academic Article
• Effects of atrazine on metamorphosis, growth, laryngeal and gonadal development, aromatase activity, and sex steroid concentrations in Xenopus laevis  Academic Article
• Effects of contaminated sediment from Cork Harbour, Ireland on the cytochrome P450 system of turbot  Academic Article
• Endocrine Toxicants and Reproductive Success in Fish  Conference Paper
• Engineering implication of ground motion A/V ratio  Academic Article
• Engineering implications of the 1985 nahanni earthquakes  Academic Article
• Engineering perspective for the seismic site response of alluvial valleys  Academic Article
• Evaluation of Out-of-Plane Wall Anchorage Force Provisions in Buildings with Rigid Walls and Flexible Roof Diaphragms  Academic Article
• Experimental Investigation on the Seismic Behavior of Palletized Merchandise in Steel Storage Racks  Academic Article
• Experimental Seismic Fragility of Pressurized Fire Suppression Sprinkler Piping Joints  Academic Article
• Experimental Seismic Response of Base Isolated Pallet-Type Steel Storage Racks  Academic Article
• Experimental Seismic Response of High-Voltage Transformer-Bushing Systems  Academic Article
• Experimental and analytical studies on the response of 1/4-scale models of freestanding laboratory equipment subjected to strong earthquake shaking  Academic Article
• Experimental and analytical studies on the response of freestanding laboratory equipment to earthquake shaking  Academic Article
• Experimental and analytical study of the bi-directional behavior of the triple friction pendulum isolator  Academic Article
• Experimental study of the effect of restraining rim design on the extreme behavior of pendulum sliding bearings  Academic Article
• Exploring the Determinants of the Perceived Risk of Food Allergies in Canada  Academic Article
• Exploring the Relationship between Food Access and Foodborne Illness by Using Spatial Analysis  Academic Article
• Extreme behavior in a triple friction pendulum isolated frame  Academic Article
• FRICTION DAMPED STEEL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES SUBJECTED TO LONG-DISTANCE EARTHQUAKES: INFLUENCE OF WELD FRACTURES  Academic Article
• Factors of stickiness in transfers of know-how between MNC units  Academic Article
• Failure of double friction pendulum bearings under pulse-type motions  Academic Article
• Fault trees for security system design and analysis  Academic Article
• First Global Consensus for Evidence-Based Management of the Hematopoietic Syndrome Resulting From Exposure to Ionizing Radiation  Academic Article
• Full-scale shaking table test of a base-isolated medical facility subjected to vertical motions  Academic Article
• GIS and remote sensing techniques for the assessment of land use change impact on flood hydrology: the case study of Yialias basin in Cyprus  Academic Article
• Gamma lifetimes and one-shot device testing analysis  Academic Article
• Generation of lateral and rotational floor response spectra by an alternative approach  Academic Article
• Geographies of uncertainty in the health benefits of air quality improvements  Academic Article
• Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence for an unusual tsunami or storm a few centuries ago at Anegada, British Virgin Islands  Academic Article
• Gill and liver histopathological changes in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) exposed to oil sands process-affected water  Academic Article
• Grave Misgivings: Allegory, Catharsis, Composition  Academic Article
• Health monitoring of fluid dampers for vibration control of structures: experimental investigation  Academic Article
• Homotrema rubrum (Lamarck) taphonomy as an overwash indicator in Marine Ponds on Anegada, British Virgin Islands  Academic Article
• Household evacuation characteristics in American Samoa during the 2009 Samoa Islands tsunami  Academic Article
• Human and Ecological Risk Assessment (HERA)  Journal
• Hydrothermal growth of free standing TiO2 nanowire membranes for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals  Academic Article
• IEEE Security and Privacy  Journal
• IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing  Journal
• IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security  Journal
• IMPACT OF PROTON: A FOOD HANDLER CERTIFICATION COURSE ON FOOD HANDLERS' KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS  Academic Article
• ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology  Journal
• Illustrating Risk: Anaphylaxis Through the Eyes of the Food-Allergic Child  Academic Article
• Impact of Low-Level Sampling Stress on Interpretation of Physiological Responses of White Sucker Exposed to Effluent from a Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill  Academic Article
• Impacts of Structural Photomodification on the Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants: Anthracene Photooxidation Products  Academic Article
• Implications of design philosophies for seismic response of steel moment frames  Academic Article
• Incremental dynamic analysis of woodframe buildings  Academic Article
• Inelastic Response Spectrum for Simplified Deformation-Based Seismic Vulnerability Assessment  Academic Article
• Influence of different sites on seismic base shear of buildings  Academic Article
• Influence of soft clays on the response spectra for structures in eastern Canada  Academic Article
• Insight Into Health Care Services: A Characterization of Emergency Room Visits and Economic Hazards in the United States  Academic Article
• International Journal of Emergency Management  Journal
• International Journal of Information Security  Journal
• Investigating the key indicators for evaluating post-disaster shelter  Academic Article
• Journal of Earthquake Engineering  Journal
• Journal of Food Protection  Journal
• Journal of Food Safety  Journal
• Journal of Hazardous Materials  Journal
• Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management  Journal
• Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries  Journal
• Journal of Refugee Studies  Journal
• Journal of Risk Research  Journal
• Journal of Strategic Information Systems  Journal
• Journey to Health: (Re) Contextualizing the Health of Canada’s Refugee Population  Academic Article
• LQR control with frequency-dependent scheduled gain for a semi-active floor isolation system  Academic Article
• Letter Concerning: Glynn ME, Keeton KA, Gaffney SH, Sahmel J. Ambient Asbestos Fiber Concentrations and Long-Term Trends in Pleural Mesothelioma Incidence Between Urban and Rural Areas in the United States (1973-2012). Risk Analysis 2018;38(3):454-471  Academic Article
• Letter concerning: Burns AM, Barlow CA, Banducci AM, Unice KM, Sahmel J. Potential Airborne Asbestos Exposure and Risk Associated with the Historical Use of Cosmetic Talcum Powder Products  Academic Article
• Lightning activity, rainfall and flash flooding – occasional or interrelated events? A case study in the island of Crete  Academic Article
• Limit State Strength of Unreinforced Masonry Structures  Academic Article
• Literature Review and Global Consensus on Management of Acute Radiation Syndrome Affecting Nonhematopoietic Organ Systems  Academic Article
• MIXING OF THERMALLY STRATIFIED FLUIDS BY INJECTING A SERIES OF VORTEX RINGS - A NUMERICAL-SIMULATION  Academic Article
• MODELLING OF RC BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS AND STRUCTURAL WALLS  Academic Article
• Measurement of Short- and Long-Term Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Luminescent Bacteria  Academic Article
• Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 1: Concept, modelling, and low-amplitude shake table testing  Academic Article
• Mechanisms to limit higher mode effects in a controlled rocking steel frame. 2: Large-amplitude shake table testing  Academic Article
• Mediterranean cyclone characteristics related to precipitation occurrence in Crete, Greece  Academic Article
• Microbially-driven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue  Academic Article
• Military Medicine  Journal
• Military and Civilian Dimensions of America's Regional Policy, 1972-1994  Academic Article
• Minimal-disturbance seismic rehabilitation of steel moment-resisting frames using light-weight steel elements  Academic Article
• Mitigation of Higher Mode Effects in Base-Rocking Systems by Using Multiple Rocking Sections  Academic Article
• Modeling and Evaluation of a Seismically Isolated Bridge Using Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators  Academic Article
• Modeling for design and operation of high-pressure membrane contactors in natural gas sweetening  Academic Article
• Modelling of contraction joint and shear sliding effects on earthquake response of arch dams  Academic Article
• Natural Hazards  Journal
• Natural Hazards Review  Journal
• Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences  Journal
• Near Field Seismic Response of Steel Moment Resisting Frames Retrofitted with Passive Friction Energy Dissipating Systems  Academic Article
• Nonconfidential Patient Types in Emergency Clinical Decision Support  Academic Article
• Nuclear Safety in Ontario: A Critical Review of Quantitative Analyses  Academic Article
• Numerical simulation and seismic performance evaluation of buried pipelines rehabilitated with cured-in-place-pipe liner under seismic wave propagation  Academic Article
• Opacity generalised to transition systems  Academic Article
• Optimal fishery harvesting rules under uncertainty  Academic Article
• Performance Evaluation of Friction Damped Braced Steel Frames under Simulated Earthquake Loads  Academic Article
• Performance Evaluation of Passive Damping Systems for the Seismic Retrofit of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames Subjected to Near-Field Ground Motions  Academic Article
• Performance of Structures in Indonesia during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami  Academic Article
• Performance of Structures in Thailand during the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami  Academic Article
• Performance-Based Seismic Design of Pallet-Type Steel Storage Racks  Academic Article
• Performance-based seismic design of nonstructural building components: The next frontier of earthquake engineering  Academic Article
• Photocatalytic decomposition of selected estrogens and their estrogenic activity by UV-LED irradiated TiO2 immobilized on porous titanium sheets via thermal-chemical oxidation  Academic Article
• Photodynamic Treatment: A Novel Method for Sanitation of Food Handling and Food Processing Surfaces  Academic Article
• Photoinduced Toxicity of Three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Fluoranthene, Pyrene, and Naphthalene) to the Duckweed Lemna gibba L. G-3  Academic Article
• Probable tsunami origin for a Shell and Sand Sheet from marine ponds on Anegada, British Virgin Islands  Academic Article
• Process Safety and Environmental Protection Chemical Engineering Research and Design  Journal
• REHABILITATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS USING CORRUGATED STEEL JACKETING  Academic Article
• Regional Considerations of Coastline Change, Tsunami Damage and Recovery along the Southern Coast of the Bay of Izmit (The Kocaeli (Turkey) Earthquake of 17 August 1999)  Academic Article
• Reliability Engineering and System Safety  Journal
• Reliability allocation model and algorithm for phased mission systems with uncertain component parameters based on importance measure  Academic Article
• Reliability modeling of degradation of products with multiple performance characteristics based on gamma processes  Academic Article
• Residual life estimation based on a generalized Wiener degradation process  Academic Article
• Resources and Energy Economics  Journal
• Response spectra for torsion, rocking and rigid foundations  Academic Article
• Response-based damage assessment of structures  Academic Article
• Risk Analysis  Journal
• SEISMIC IMPACT LOADING IN INELASTIC TENSION-ONLY CONCENTRICALLY BRACED STEEL FRAMES: MYTH OR REALITY?  Academic Article
• SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS USING FRP LAMINATES  Academic Article
• SEISMIC REHABILITATION OF SHORT RECTANGULAR RC COLUMNS  Academic Article
• SMOCK: A Scalable Method of Cryptographic Key Management for Mission-Critical Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks  Academic Article
• SOFTENING EFFECTS ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF NON-DUCTILE CONCRETE FRAMES  Academic Article
• SORPTION OF WATER AND ACIDS BY POLY(SODIUM ACRYLATE) FROM ORGANIC SOLUTIONS AND MIXTURES  Academic Article
• Secure and trusted partial grey-box verification  Academic Article
• Security Dialogue  Journal
• Seismic Evaluation of Modular Office Furniture System  Academic Article
• Seismic Performance of Moment-Resisting Steel Frame Structures Designed for Different Levels of Seismic Hazard  Academic Article
• Seismic Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Connections  Academic Article
• Seismic Response Control of Buildings Using Friction Dampers  Academic Article
• Seismic Response of High-Voltage Transformer-Bushing Systems Incorporating Flexural Stiffeners I: Numerical Study  Academic Article
• Seismic Response of High-Voltage Transformer-Bushing Systems Incorporating Flexural Stiffeners II: Experimental Study  Academic Article
• Seismic Response of Pressurized Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems I: Experimental Study  Academic Article
• Seismic Response of Pressurized Fire Sprinkler Piping Systems II: Numerical Study  Academic Article
• Seismic Response of Secondary Systems Supported by Torsionally Yielding Structures  Academic Article
• Seismic Risk Assessment of Nonengineered Residential Buildings: State of the Practice  Academic Article
• Seismic Testing of Critical Lifelines Rehabilitated with Cured in Place Pipeline Lining Technology  Academic Article
• Seismic analysis of skewed highway bridges with intermediate supports  Academic Article
• Seismic energy demands on reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames  Academic Article
• Seismic floor isolation using recycled tires for essential buildings in developing countries  Academic Article
• Seismic response analysis of multidrum classical columns  Academic Article
• Seismic response of rocking frames with top support eccentricity  Academic Article
• Seismic response of self-centring hysteretic SDOF systems  Academic Article
• Seismic response of sliding equipment and contents in base-isolated buildings subjected to broadband ground motions  Academic Article
• Seismic response of unbraced steel frames  Academic Article
• Seismic response of viscously damped braced thin-wall piping system: a proof-of-concept case study  Academic Article
• Semicontinuous reactive extraction and reactive distillation  Academic Article
• Sexual Dysfunction in Male Canadian Armed Forces Members and Veterans Seeking Mental Health Treatment  Academic Article
• Shake table investigation on the seismic performance of hospital equipment supported on wheels/casters  Academic Article
• Shake table study on an ordinary low-rise building seismically isolated with SU-FREIs (stable unbonded-fiber reinforced elastomeric isolators)  Academic Article
• Signatures of contamination in invasive round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus): A double strike for ecosystem health?  Academic Article
• Simplified Seismic Sidesway Collapse Capacity-Based Evaluation and Design of Frame Buildings with Linear Viscous Dampers  Academic Article
• Simplified seismic sidesway collapse analysis of frame buildings  Academic Article
• Sliding response of gravity dams including vertical seismic accelerations  Academic Article
• Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering  Journal
• Some initial evidence of Canadian responsiveness to time-of-use electricity rates: Detailed daily and monthly analysis  Academic Article
• Stability of elevated liquid-filled conical tanks under seismic loading .2. Applications  Academic Article
• Stability of elevated liquid-filled conical tanks under seismic loading, Part I—theory  Academic Article
• Stability of elevated liquid‐filled conical tanks under seismic loading, Part I—theory  Academic Article
• Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment  Journal
• Structural and nonstructural performance of a seismically isolated building using stable unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators  Academic Article
• Survivors perceptions of stakeholders and the 2009 South Pacific tsunami  Academic Article
• Sustainable nitrate-contaminated water treatment using multi cycle ion-exchange/bioregeneration of nitrate selective resin. - PubMed - NCBI  Academic Article
• Testing Protocol for Experimental Seismic Qualification of Distributed Nonstructural Systems  Academic Article
• The Effect of Anthropomorphic Test Device Lower Leg Surrogate Selection on Impact Mitigating System Evaluation in Low- and High-Rate Loading Conditions  Academic Article
• The Impact of Shared Location on the Mental Health of Military and Civilian Adolescents in a Community Affected by Frequent Deployments: A Research Note  Academic Article
• The Influence of Isolator Hysteresis on Equipment Performance in Seismic Isolated Buildings  Academic Article
• The Influence of Mexico City Soils on the Seismic Performance of Friction Damped and Base Isolated Structures  Academic Article
• The Power of Perception: Health Risk Attributed to Air Pollution in anUrban Industrial Neighbourhood  Academic Article
• The Social Construction of Risk in a Rural Community: Responses of Local Residents to the 1990 Hagersville (Ontario) Tire Fire  Academic Article
• The U.S. Navy's Forward Resuscitative Surgery System during Operation Iraqi Freedom  Academic Article
• The implementation of Bayesian structural additive regression models in multi-city time series air pollution and human health studies  Academic Article
• The microscale flocculation test (MFT)—A high-throughput technique for optimizing separation performance  Academic Article
• The power of perception: Health risk attributed to air pollution in an urban industrial neighbourhood  Academic Article
• The rocking spectrum and the limitations of practical design methodologies  Academic Article
• To limit forces or displacements: Collapse study of steel frames isolated by sliding bearings with and without restraining rims  Academic Article
• Toxic effects of oil sand naphthenic acids on the biomass accumulation of 21 potential phytoplankton remediation candidates  Academic Article
• Transport Mode Selection for Toxic Gases: Rail or Road?  Academic Article
• Traumatic Neurosis and Social Support in the Yom Kippur War Returnees  Academic Article
• Using Bézier curves to model gradual stiffness transitions in nonlinear elements: Application to self-centering systems  Academic Article
• Welcome waste – interpreting narratives of radioactive waste disposal in two small towns in Ontario, Canada  Academic Article
• ‘Someone else’s blood’: directed blood donation for neonatal transfusion and parental perceptions of risk  Academic Article