Modelling of contraction joint and shear sliding effects on earthquake response of arch dams

In an arch dam, adjacent monoliths separated by vertical contraction joints may move relative to each other during an earthquake, resulting in the gradual opening and closing and possible shear movement at the joint surfaces. This paper presents the formulation of a joint constitutive model for a zero‐thickness joint element that can simulate both the opening and closing and shear sliding behaviour, as well as the non‐linear shear key effects of the joint. The proposed joint element has been implemented in the concrete arch dam finite element analysis program ADAP‐88. The response of a typical arch dam subjected to earthquake ground motion is presented to demonstrate the capability of the proposed joint model. Results from a parametric study carried out to study the sensitivity of the response to the joint properties are discussed. The joint parameters considered in the parametric study include apparent cohesion, friction coefficient, and whether the joint has beveled or unbeveled shear key, or the joint is unrestrained in shear sliding. The analysis results show that joint opening and shear slippage at the contraction joints can have significant effects on the response of an arch dam. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.