Fishes Concept

subject area of

• 10th Anniversary Review: when healthy food becomes polluted—implications for public health and dietary advice  Journal Articles
• A Meta-analysis on the Effectiveness of Offsetting Strategies to Address Harm to Freshwater Fishes  Journal Articles
• A broader look at ammonia production, excretion, and transport in fish: a review of impacts of feeding and the environment  Journal Articles
• A history of total mercury in edible muscle of fish from lakes in northern Canada  Journal Articles
• A marine fish diet reduces spontaneous lymphoma in outbred Swiss-Webster mice  Journal Articles
• A population-based study on peanut, tree nut, fish, shellfish, and sesame allergy prevalence in Canada  Journal Articles
• A survey of Canadian mechanical pulp and paper mill effluents: Insights concerning the potential to affect fish reproduction  Journal Articles
• Abandoned Mid-Canada Radar Line sites in the Western James region of Northern Ontario, Canada: A source of organochlorines for First Nations people?  Journal Articles
• Acute exposition to Roundup Transorb® induces systemic oxidative stress and alterations in the expression of newly sequenced genes in silverside fish (Odontesthes humensis)  Journal Articles
• Afferent neural activity from pseudobranch of teleosts. Effects of Po2, pH, osmotic pressure and Na+ ions  Journal Articles
• Age, body size, growth and dietary habits: What are the key factors driving individual variability in mercury of lacustrine fishes in northern temperate lakes?  Journal Articles
• Altered distribution of lipid‐soluble antioxidant vitamins in juvenile sturgeon exposed to waterborne ethynylestradiol  Journal Articles
• Altered reproduction in fish exposed to pulp and paper mill effluents: Roles of individual compounds and mill operating conditions  Journal Articles
• Alternative reproductive tactics in goby fishes of the Caspian Sea  Journal Articles
• An approach to feeding high-percentage fish diets to mice for human and wildlife toxicology studies  Journal Articles
• An overview of recent studies on the potential of pulp‐mill effluents to alter reproductive parameters in fish  Journal Articles
• Antifreeze protein genes of the winter flounder.  Journal Articles
• Antifreeze proteins from the sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus. Further evidence for diversity among fish polypeptide antifreezes.  Journal Articles
• Antifreeze proteins from the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius: isolation and characterization.  Journal Articles
• Aquatic and terrestrial organic matter in the diet of stream consumers: implications for mercury bioaccumulation  Journal Articles
• Assessing reproductive effects and epigenetic responses in Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup Transorb®: Insights from miRNA profiling and molecular interaction analysis.  Journal Articles
• Assessing reproductive effects on fish populations: an evaluation of methods to predict the reproductive strategy of fishes  Journal Articles
• Assessing the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds: Current knowledge and research priorities  Journal Articles
• Assessing the potential of fish cell lines as tools for the cytotoxicity testing of estuarine sediment aqueous elutriates  Journal Articles
• Assessing wild fish exposure to ligands for sex steroid receptors from pulp and paper mill effluents in the Biobio River Basin, Central Chile  Journal Articles
• Assessment of oxidative stress biomarkers in the threatened annual killifish Austrolebias charrua exposed to Roundup  Journal Articles
• Assessment of the potential of the rock gunnel (Pholis gunnellus) along the Atlantic coast of Canada as a species for monitoring the reproductive impacts of contaminant exposures  Journal Articles
• Associations of Fish Consumption With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Among Individuals With or Without Vascular Disease From 58 Countries  Journal Articles
• Biomagnification of DDT through the Benthic and Pelagic Food Webs of Lake Malawi, East Africa:  Importance of Trophic Level and Carbon Source  Journal Articles
• Biomarkers of waterborne copper exposure in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus  Journal Articles
• Biotic interactions in temporal trends (1992–2010) of organochlorine contaminants in the aquatic food web of Lake Laberge, Yukon Territory  Journal Articles
• Blood and hair mercury concentrations among Cree First Nations ofEeyou Istchee(Quebec, Canada): time trends, prenatal exposure and links to local fish consumption  Journal Articles
• Body burdens, sources and interrelations of selected toxic and essential elements among the nine Cree First Nations of Eeyou Istchee, James Bay region of northern Quebec, Canada  Journal Articles
• Bone microstructure and bone mineral density are not systemically different in Antarctic icefishes and related Antarctic notothenioids  Journal Articles
• Ca2+-dependent Antifreeze Proteins  Journal Articles
• Cardiac Remodeling in Fish: Strategies to Maintain Heart Function during Temperature Change  Journal Articles
• Challenges and opportunities with the use of biomarkers to predict reproductive impairment in fishes exposed to endocrine disrupting substances  Journal Articles
• Characterizing Transcriptional Networks in Male Rainbow Darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) that Regulate Testis Development over a Complete Reproductive Cycle  Journal Articles
• Circulatory adaptation to bimodal respiration in the dipnoan lungfish  Journal Articles
• Collapse of a fish population after exposure to a synthetic estrogen  Journal Articles
• Communication of ionising radiation signals – a tale of two fish  Journal Articles
• Comparative study of gill neuroepithelial cells and their innervation in teleosts and Xenopus tadpoles  Journal Articles
• Comparing responses in the performance of sentinel populations of stoneflies (Plecoptera) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) exposed to enriching effluents  Journal Articles
• Comparison of direct and bystander effects induced by ionizing radiation in eight fish cell lines  Journal Articles
• Concentration and Trophic Transfer of Copper, Selenium, and Zinc in Marine Species of the Chilean Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula Area  Journal Articles
• Considering Fish as Recipients of Ecosystem Services Provides a Framework to Formally Link Baseline, Development, and Post-operational Monitoring Programs and Improve Aquatic Impact Assessments for Large Scale Developments  Journal Articles
• Correlation between stable nitrogen isotope ratios and concentrations of organochlorines in biota from a freshwater food web  Journal Articles
• Countermeasures against viral diseases of farmed fish  Journal Articles
• Critical windows in embryonic development: Shifting incubation temperatures alter heart rate and oxygen consumption of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos and hatchlings  Journal Articles
• Crystal structure of an antifreeze polypeptide and its mechanistic implications  Journal Articles
• Dealing with heterogeneous regression slopes in analysis of covariance: new methodology applied to environmental effects monitoring fish survey data  Journal Articles
• Defining the role of omics in assessing ecosystem health: Perspectives from the Canadian environmental monitoring program  Journal Articles
• Detection of reproductive impacts of effluents from pulp and paper mills: Shifts in issues and potential causes  Journal Articles
• Development and validation of probe-based multiplex real-time PCR assays for the rapid and accurate detection of freshwater fish species  Journal Articles
• Development of an adaptive monitoring framework for long‐term programs: An example using indicators of fish health  Journal Articles
• Development of environmental effects monitoring protocol in Brazil: a fish guide study of three river estuaries  Journal Articles
• Dietary Intakes and Plasma Organochlorine Contaminant Levels among Great Lakes Fish Eaters  Journal Articles
• Dietary patterns in men and women are simultaneously determinants of altered glucose metabolism and bone metabolism  Journal Articles
• Digestion under Duress: Nutrient Acquisition and Metabolism during Hypoxia in the Pacific Hagfish  Journal Articles
• Divergent Pathways of Ammonia and Urea Production and Excretion during the Life Cycle of the Sea Lamprey  Journal Articles
• Do circulating plasma AVT and/or cortisol levels control pulsatile urea excretion in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)?  Journal Articles
• EFFECTS OF SOME IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PROCEDURES ON MYASTHENIA GRAVIS*  Journal Articles
• Ecological Benefits of Contaminated Sediment Remediation  Journal Articles
• Ecotoxicological effects of salicylic acid in the freshwater fish Salmo trutta fario: antioxidant mechanisms and histological alterations  Journal Articles
• Ecotoxicological impacts of the Fundão dam failure in freshwater fish community: Metal bioaccumulation, biochemical, genetic and histopathological effects  Journal Articles
• Effect of teleost GnRH on reinitiation of oocyte meiosis in goldfish, in vitro  Journal Articles
• Effects of Anabaena spiroides (cyanobacteria) aqueous extracts on the acetylcholinesterase activity of aquatic species  Journal Articles
• Effects of Atrazine in Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles: An Analysis Based on Quantitative Weight of Evidence  Journal Articles
• Effects of Atrazine on Fish, Amphibians, and Aquatic Reptiles: A Critical Review  Journal Articles
• Effects of atrazine on fish, amphibians, and reptiles: update of the analysis based on quantitative weight of evidence  Journal Articles
• Effects of depth on reef fish communities: Insights of a “deep refuge hypothesis” from Southwestern Atlantic reefs  Journal Articles
• Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals  Journal Articles
• Effects of forest management on mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification along the river continuum  Journal Articles
• Effects of long-term cortisol treatments on gonadal development, sex steroids levels and ovarian cortisol content in cultured great sturgeon Huso huso  Journal Articles
• Effects of ocean acidification on dopamine-mediated behavioral responses of a coral reef damselfish  Journal Articles
• Effects of pulp and paper mill effluent on fish: A temporal assessment of fish health across sampling cycles  Journal Articles
• Elements and omega-3 fatty acids in fishes along a large, dammed river  Journal Articles
• Elevated Ovarian Follicular Apoptosis and Heat Shock Protein-70 Expression in White Sucker Exposed to Bleached Kraft Pulp Mill Effluent  Journal Articles
• Elevated mercury concentrations in fish in lakes in the Mackenzie River Basin: The role of physical, chemical, and biological factors  Journal Articles
• Endocrine Disruptor Impacts on Fish From Chile: The Influence of Wastewaters  Journal Articles
• Environmental, geographic and trophic influences on methylmercury concentrations in macroinvertebrates from lakes and wetlands across Canada  Journal Articles
• Essential and non-essential trace elements in fish consumed by indigenous peoples of the European Russian Arctic  Journal Articles
• Estrogen-responsive gene networks in the teleost liver: What are the key molecular indicators?  Journal Articles
• Evaluating the efficacy of ecological restoration of fish habitat in coastal waters of Lake Ontario.  Journal Articles
• Evidence That the Inhibitory Effects of Stress on Reproduction in Teleost Fish Are Not Mediated by the Action of Cortisol on Ovarian Steroidogenesis  Journal Articles
• Evidence that translational control mechanisms operate to optimize antifreeze protein production in the winter flounder.  Journal Articles
• Evolutionary attempts at 4 eyes in vertebrates.  Journal Articles
• Examination of the responses of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) and white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected on the Saint John River (Canada) downstream of pulp mill, paper mill, and sewage discharges  Journal Articles
• Exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent disrupts the pituitary-gonadal axis of white sucker at multiple sites  Journal Articles
• Exposure to low level chronic radiation leads to adaptation to a subsequent acute X-ray dose and communication of modified acute X-ray induced bystander signals in medaka (Japanese rice fish, Oryzias latipes)  Journal Articles
• Expression of an adenovirus encoded reporter gene and its reactivation following UVC and oxidative damage in cultured fish cells  Journal Articles
• Expression patterns of cytochrome P450 3B and 3C genes in model fish species  Journal Articles
• Fish assemblages on fringe coral reefs of the northern coast of Cuba near Havana Harbor  Journal Articles
• Fish gill morphology: inside out  Journal Articles
• Fish-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review  Journal Articles
• Fishes as indicators of untreated sewage contamination in a Mexican coastal lagoon  Journal Articles
• Forests fuel fish growth in freshwater deltas  Journal Articles
• Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Mitochondrial Proteins in Irradiated Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) TissuesIn Vitro  Journal Articles
• General and histological indicators of health in wild fishes from a biological mercury hotspot in northeastern North America  Journal Articles
• Gill Morphology and Acid-Base Regulation in Freshwater Fishes  Journal Articles
• Gill paracellular permeability and the osmorespiratory compromise during exercise in the hypoxia-tolerant Amazonian oscar (Astronotus ocellatus)  Journal Articles
• Global change‐driven effects on dissolved organic matter composition: Implications for food webs of northern lakes  Journal Articles
• Growth and otolith morphology vary with alternative reproductive tactics and contaminant exposure in the round goby Neogobius melanostomus  Journal Articles
• High arsenic and low lead concentrations in fish and reptiles from Taim wetlands, a Ramsar site in southern Brazil  Journal Articles
• Historical decline and altered congener patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in fish and sediment in response to process changes at a pulp mill discharging into Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior  Journal Articles
• Human induced fish declines in North America, how do agricultural pesticides compare to other drivers?  Journal Articles
• Identification and Occurrence of Analogues of Dechlorane 604 in Lake Ontario Sediment and their Accumulation in Fish  Journal Articles
• Identification of the Ice-Binding Surface on a Type III Antifreeze Protein with a “Flatness Function” Algorithm  Journal Articles
• Identifying and managing adverse environmental health effects: 5. Persistent organic pollutants.  Journal Articles
• Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of melatonin in the pineal gland, the retina and the Harderian gland  Journal Articles
• Impact on blood Pb levels of maternal and early infant feeding practices of First Nation Cree in the Mushkegowuk Territory of northern Ontario, Canada  Journal Articles
• Impacts of nonpoint inputs from potato farming on populations of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus)  Journal Articles
• Impacts of tailings of Fundão dam (Brazil) rupture on marine fish: Metals bioaccumulation and physiological responses  Journal Articles
• Importance of cholinesterase kinetic parameters in environmental monitoring using estuarine fish  Journal Articles
• Influence of a contaminated fish diet on germline expanded‐simple‐tandem‐repeat mutation frequency in mice  Journal Articles
• Intersex Gonad Differentiation in Cultured Russian (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) and Siberian (Acipenser baerii) Sturgeon1  Journal Articles
• Intersex in teleost fish: Are we distinguishing endocrine disruption from natural phenomena?  Journal Articles
• Intracellular vesicular trafficking in the gill epithelium of urea-excreting fish  Journal Articles
• Iodine and bromine in fish consumed by indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic  Journal Articles
• Isolation of MFO inducers from tissues of white suckers caged in bleached kraft mill effluent  Journal Articles
• Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and brain acetylcholinesterase in two freshwater fish species of South America; the effects of seasonal variability on study design for biomonitoring  Journal Articles
• Localisation histochimique de l'anhydrase carbonique au niveau des ch�mor�cepteurs art�riels des mammif�res, des batraciens et des poissons  Journal Articles
• Low-Temperature Increases the Yield of Biologically Active Herring Antifreeze Protein in Pichia pastoris  Journal Articles
• Making in vitro conditions more reflective of in vivo conditions for research on the teleost gastrointestinal tract.  Journal Articles
• Maxed Out: Optimizing Accuracy, Precision, and Power for Field Measures of Maximum Metabolic Rate in Fishes  Journal Articles
• Mercury Biomagnification through Food Webs Is Affected by Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Lakes  Journal Articles
• Mercury Concentrations in Arctic Food Fishes Reflect the Presence of Anadromous Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus), Species, and Life History  Journal Articles
• Mercury and Other Contaminants in Fish from Lake Chad, Africa  Journal Articles
• Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic biota along a salinity gradient in the Saint John River estuary  Journal Articles
• Mercury concentrations and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) in fish muscle indicate human impacts in tropical coastal lagoons  Journal Articles
• Mercury-Associated Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature  Journal Articles
• Methylmercury and the health of autochthons in northwest Quebec.  Journal Articles
• Methylmercury biomagnification in coastal aquatic food webs from western Patagonia and western Antarctic Peninsula  Journal Articles
• Morphology of gill epithelia in fish  Journal Articles
• Muscle Remodeling and the Exercise Physiology of Fish  Journal Articles
• Neuroepithelial cells in fish gill primary lamellae  Journal Articles
• Nitrogen Excretion and the Cardiorespiratory Physiology of the Gulf Toadfish,Opsanus beta  Journal Articles
• Often overloo ked: Biological QA/QC  Journal Articles
• Ontogenesis of oxygen chemoreception in aquatic vertebrates  Journal Articles
• Organic contamination and multi-biomarker assessment in watersheds of the southern Brazil: an integrated approach using fish from the Astyanax genus  Journal Articles
• Peanut Oral Immunotherapy With or Without H1 and H2 Antihistamine Premedication for Peanut Allergy (PISCES): A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial  Journal Articles
• Perfluorinated and Polyfluorinated Compounds in Lake Food Webs from the Canadian High Arctic  Journal Articles
• Peripheral Chemoreceptors in Air- Versus Water- Breathers  Chapters
• Permeability Characteristics of Isolated Brockmann Bodies  Conferences
• Plants as Reef Fish: Fitting the Functional Form of Seedling Recruitment  Journal Articles
• Practical advice for selecting or determining trophic magnification factors for application under the European Union Water Framework Directive  Journal Articles
• Predator density and timing of arrival affect reef fish community assembly  Journal Articles
• Pulmonary mechanoreceptors in the dipnoi lungfish Protopterus and Lepidosiren  Journal Articles
• Pulsatile Urea Excretion In Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus Beta): Evidence For Activation Of A Specific Facilitated Diffusion Transport System  Journal Articles
• Pulsatile urea excretion in the gulf toadfish: mechanisms and controls  Journal Articles
• Radiation-induced adaptive response in fish cell lines  Journal Articles
• Recovery of a Wild Fish Population from Whole-Lake Additions of a Synthetic Estrogen  Journal Articles
• Reproductive strategies and seasonal changes in the somatic indices of seven small-bodied fishes in Atlantic Canada in relation to study design for environmental effects monitoring  Journal Articles
• Roundup® Herbicide Decreases Quality Parameters of Spermatozoa of Silversides Odontesthes Humensis  Journal Articles
• Seasonal plasticity in telencephalon mass of a benthic fish  Journal Articles
• Serum nonesterified fatty acids have utility as dietary biomarkers of fat intake from fish, fish oil, and dairy in women  Journal Articles
• Short-term effects of cortisol implantation on blood biochemistry and thyroid hormones in previtellogenic great sturgeon Huso huso  Journal Articles
• Short‐term exposures of fish to perfluorooctane sulfonate: Acute effects on fatty acyl‐CoA oxidase activity, oxidative stress, and circulating sex steroids  Journal Articles
• Single Crystals of a Type III Antifreeze Polypeptide from Ocean Pout  Journal Articles
• Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals  Journal Articles
• Spinules: a case for synaptic plasticity  Journal Articles
• Square root identities for harvested Beverton–Holt models  Journal Articles
• Startle-response in Teleost Fish: an Elementary Circuit for Neural Discrimination  Journal Articles
• Structural studies on the freezing-point-depressing protein of the winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus  Journal Articles
• Structures of shorthorn sculpin antifreeze polypeptides  Journal Articles
• Study design considerations for assessing the health of fish populations impacted by agriculture in developing countries: a Sri Lankan case study  Journal Articles
• Sturgeons Are Biodiversity Priorities Needing Special Protection from Chemicals and Waste  Journal Articles
• Telemetry-Determined Habitat Use Informs Multi-Species Habitat Management in an Urban Harbour  Journal Articles
• Terminology of Gonadal Anomalies in Fish and Amphibians Resulting from Chemical Exposures  Journal Articles
• The Ice-Binding Site of Atlantic Herring Antifreeze Protein Corresponds to the Carbohydrate-Binding Site of C-Type Lectins  Journal Articles
• The Sesame-Peanut Conundrum in Israel: Reevaluation of Food Allergy Prevalence in Young Children  Journal Articles
• The common field lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol is a potential radiosensitizer in fish cells  Journal Articles
• The effects of chronic, low doses of Ra-226 on cultured fish and human cells  Journal Articles
• The effects of environmental pollutants on complex fish behaviour: integrating behavioural and physiological indicators of toxicity  Journal Articles
• The fight between the teleost fish immune response and aquatic viruses  Journal Articles
• The function of dendritic spines: an analysis.  Journal Articles
• The gut content microbiome of wild-caught rainbow darter is altered during laboratory acclimation  Journal Articles
• The induction of a radiation-induced bystander effect in fish transcends taxonomic group and trophic level  Journal Articles
• The movement ecology of fishes  Journal Articles
• The round goby genome provides insights into mechanisms that may facilitate biological invasions  Journal Articles
• The skin of fish as a transport epithelium: a review  Journal Articles
• The use of Fish Cells in Ecotoxicology: The Report and Recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 47^,  Journal Articles
• Thermal stress and the heat shock response in embryonic and young of the year juvenile lake whitefish  Journal Articles
• Thyroid hormone regulation of thermal acclimation in ectotherms: Physiological mechanisms and ecoevolutionary implications  Journal Articles
• Toxicity of Nitrogenous Compounds to Juveniles of Flatfish Paralichthys orbignyanus  Journal Articles
• Trophodynamics of trace elements in marine organisms from cold and remote regions of southern hemisphere  Journal Articles
• Twenty years of transcriptomics, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, and fish  Journal Articles
• Ultrastructure of marine teleost gill epithelia: SEM and TEM study of the chloride cell apical membrane  Journal Articles
• Understanding fish cognition: a review and appraisal of current practices  Journal Articles
• Understanding the Chronic Impacts of Oil Refinery Wastewater Requires Consideration of Sediment Contributions to Toxicity  Journal Articles
• Urea and water permeability in the ureotelic gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)  Journal Articles
• Use of Fish Telemetry in Rehabilitation Planning, Management, and Monitoring in Areas of Concern in the Laurentian Great Lakes  Journal Articles
• Using stable isotope analysis with telemetry or mark-recapture data to identify fish movement and foraging  Journal Articles
• Using sulfur stable isotopes to assess mercury bioaccumulation and biomagnification in temperate lake food webs  Journal Articles
• Using tissue cysteine to predict the trophic transfer of methylmercury and selenium in lake food webs  Journal Articles
• What do warming waters mean for fish physiology and fisheries?  Journal Articles
• [Action of pH and PO2 on the membrane potential of epithelial receptor cells in the pseudobranch of a teleostean fish].  Journal Articles
• [Anatomical relationships of the ionocytes (chloride cells) with the branchial venous compartment: definition of two types of epithelium in fish gills].  Journal Articles
• [Cholinesterase activity of different macerated organs of the silurid Ameiurus nebulosus Lesieur].  Journal Articles
• [INNERVATION OF THE PSEUDOBRANCHIAE IN THE TENCH].  Journal Articles
• [Influence of temperature on cholinesterase activity in the silurid Ameiurus nebulosus Lesieur].  Journal Articles
• [Innervation of the auricle of the heart of teleosts].  Journal Articles
• [Morphology and physiology of organs of aquatic respiration in vertebrates: the gill].  Journal Articles
• [PaO2 changes during rapid PwO2 changes in 2 teleosts with different biotopes: Salmo gairdnerii and Ictalurus melas (author's transl)].  Journal Articles
• [Pharmacological analysis at the level of the isolated fish-cat auricle, of efferent cardiac innervation].  Journal Articles
• [Studies on the innervation of the pseudobranchia of teleostean fish].  Journal Articles
• [The pseudo-branchia of teleosts: electrophysiological tests of its chemoreceptor and baroreceptor functions].  Journal Articles
• [Vascular perfusion of an intestinal segment in the catfish (Ictalurus melas, R): demonstration of the vasoactive effects of mammalian VIP and of gastrointestinal extracts from teleost fish].  Journal Articles
• n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase: Thermic Effect of Food in Men with Metabolic Syndrome  Journal Articles