Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity of Mitochondrial Proteins in Irradiated Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Tissues In Vitro

In recent years ethical, legislative and economic pressures have created a renewed interest in the development of alternatives to in vivo animal experiments. In vitro studies, particularly those using cell cultures, have been used increasingly as tools to assess the degree of toxicity associated with or present in particular environments. While cell cultures are useful to give relative toxicity values, genotypic and phenotypic integrity may be …