Molecular Dynamics of Fibrinogen Adsorption onto Graphene, but Not onto Poly(ethylene glycol) Surface, Increases Exposure of Recognition Sites That Trigger Immune Response

Changes in the conformation of blood proteins due to their binding to nonbiological surfaces is the initial step in the chain of immunological reactions to foreign bodies. Despite the large number of experimental studies that have been performed on fibrinogen adsorption to nonbiological surfaces, a clear picture describing this complex process has eluded researchers to date. Developing a better understanding of the behavior of bioactive …