Complementary studies of the gastrointestinal safety of the cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective inhibitor etoricoxib
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SummaryBackground : Cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are intended to preserve cyclo‐oxygenase‐1‐mediated gastroprotection and platelet function, whilst inhibiting cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐mediated inflammation.Aim : To assess the gastrointestinal safety of the cyclo‐oxygenase‐2‐selective inhibitor etoricoxib vs. non‐selective non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.Methods : Two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled studies were performed: (i) daily faecal red blood cell loss was measured in 62 subjects receiving etoricoxib (120 mg once daily), ibuprofen (800 mg t.d.s.) or placebo for 28 days; (ii) the incidence of endoscopically detectable gastric/duodenal ulcers was determined in 742 osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving etoricoxib (120 mg once daily), naproxen (500 mg b.d.) or placebo over 12 weeks.Results : In the first study, the between‐treatment ratio of faecal blood loss for etoricoxib vs. placebo (1.06) was not significantly different from unity; however, the ratios for ibuprofen vs. placebo (3.26) and etoricoxib (3.08) were significantly greater than unity (P < 0.001). In the second study, the incidence of ulcers of ≥ 3 mm with naproxen (25.3%) was significantly higher than that with etoricoxib (7.4%) or placebo (1.4%; P < 0.001); the results were similar for ulcers of ≥ 5 mm.Conclusions : The reduced toxicity of etoricoxib (less faecal blood loss and fewer endoscopically detectable lesions) suggests that use of this drug will may be associated with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal perforations, ulcers and bleeds.
