Retrospective Analysis of Canadian Adults with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

BACKGROUND: Our study goal was to characterize the relative frequencies of molecular and phenotypic traits of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in a Canadian adult population. Previous studies have sought to identify TSC-related genotypic and phenotypic trends in pediatric cohorts, but little is known about clinical manifestations and severity when it presents in adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients seen at the TSC clinic at the University Health Network genetics clinics (Toronto, Ontario) to compare trends in the relative frequency of TSC manifestations with genotype. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients were eligible for this study. Eight patients had a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) gene, 18 had a tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant, 6 patients had multiple variants identified in TSC1/TSC2 or TSC2/PKD1, 11 had no mutation identified (NMI) and 8 had no genetic testing done. Patients with a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in TSC2 presented with an increased involvement of multiple systems and a higher frequency of TSC-related manifestations relative to the other mutation groups. CONCLUSION: Previous studies comparing the wide phenotypic variability with TSC genotype have mainly comprised pediatric cohorts. With a focus on adults, we found trends to be similar across previous literature. An informed multidisciplinary approach should be taken to ensure proper surveillance and management of adults with TSC until a correlation between genotype and phenotype, especially past infancy, is better understood.