Planning energy economy and eco-environment nexus system under uncertainty: A copula-based stochastic multi-level programming method

Energy consumption, economic growth, and eco-environment protection of urban agglomeration is full of contradictions and continues to be challenges faced by decision makers. It is desired to develop effective methods to realize coordinated management of energy economy and eco-environment nexus (EEEN) system. In this study, a copula-based stochastic multi-level programming (CSMP) approach is first developed, where the conflicting objectives with …