NMR Spectroscopic Evidence for the Intermediacy of XeF3− in XeF2/F− Exchange, Attempted Syntheses and Thermochemistry of XeF3− Salts, and Theoretical Studies of the XeF3− Anion
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abstract
The existence of the trifluoroxenate(II) anion, XeF(3)(-), had been postulated in a prior NMR study of the exchange between fluoride ion and XeF(2) in CH(3)CN solution. The enthalpy of activation for this exchange, ΔH(⧧), has now been determined by use of single selective inversion (19)F NMR spectroscopy to be 74.1 ± 5.0 kJ mol(-1) (0.18 M) and 56.9 ± 6.7 kJ mol(-1) (0.36 M) for equimolar amounts of [N(CH(3))(4)][F] and XeF(2) in CH(3)CN solvent. Although the XeF(3)(-) anion has been observed in the gas phase, attempts to prepare the Cs(+) and N(CH(3))(4)(+) salts of XeF(3)(-) have been unsuccessful, and are attributed to the low fluoride ion affinity of XeF(2) and fluoride ion solvation in CH(3)CN solution. The XeF(3)(-) anion would represent the first example of an AX(3)E(3) valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) arrangement of electron lone pair and bond pair domains. Fluorine-19 exchange between XeF(2) and the F(-) anion has also been probed computationally using coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) and density functional theory (DFT; PBE1PBE) methods. The energy-minimized geometry of the ground state shows that the F(-) anion is only weakly coordinated to XeF(2) (F(2)Xe---F(-); a distorted Y-shape possessing C(s) symmetry), while the XeF(3)(-) anion exists as a first-order transition state in the fluoride ion exchange mechanism, and is planar and Y-shaped (C(2v) symmetry). The molecular geometry and bonding of the XeF(3)(-) anion has been described and rationalized in terms of electron localization function (ELF) calculations, as well as the VSEPR model of molecular geometry. Quantum-chemical calculations, using the CCSD method and a continuum solvent model for CH(3)CN, accurately reproduced the transition-state enthalpy observed by (19)F NMR spectroscopy, and showed a negative but negligible enthalpy for the formation of the F(2)Xe---F(-) adduct in this medium.
