Effects of vitamin E on cardiovascular outcomes in people with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency: Results of the HOPE Study

BACKGROUND: A controlled trial reported cardiovascular benefits of vitamin E in terminal renal insufficiency. There are no data for renal insufficiency before the stage of terminal renal failure. We evaluated effects of vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in 993 people with a serum creatinine > or =1.4 to 2.3 mg/dL. METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial that compared treatment with natural source vitamin E …