Fc-γ Receptor Cross-Linking by Immune Complexes Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 in U937 Cells via Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
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Abstract—Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secreted by macrophages potentially contributes to plaque rupture. Because large quantities of immunoglobulin G and ICs (ICs), including low density lipoprotein–containing ICs (LDL-ICs), are present in atherosclerotic lesions, we examined the effect of LDL-ICs on macrophage MMP-1 expression. With the use of ICs prepared with human LDL and rabbit anti-LDL antiserum, our enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Northern blots showed that MMP-1 secretion and expression by U937 histiocytes were induced by LDL-ICs. Furthermore, our results showed that blocking of Fc-γ receptor I and II (FcγRI and FcγRII) inhibited 70% and 55%, respectively, of the LDL-IC–induced secretion of MMP-1. Finally, our data showed that both PD98059, an inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and Ro-31-2880, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, inhibited LDL-IC–stimulated MMP-1 secretion in a dose-dependent manner, with 96% and 95% inhibition, respectively, at the respective doses of 50 μmol/L and 80 nmol/L. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that LDL-ICs induce macrophage MMP-1 secretion by cocross-linking FcγRI and FcγRII and triggering a protein kinase C–dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. These results suggest that LDL-ICs and other ICs localized in atherosclerotic plaques may be potent stimulators for macrophage MMP-1 expression and may contribute to plaque rupture and acute coronary events.
