Evaluation of Genes Encoding for the Transient Outward Current (Ito) Identifies the KCND2 Gene as a Cause of J-Wave Syndrome Associated With Sudden Cardiac Death

BACKGROUND: J-wave ECG patterns are associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death, and experimental evidence supports a transient outward current (I(to))-mediated mechanism of J-wave formation. This study aimed to determine the frequency of genetic mutations in genes encoding the I(to) in patients with J waves on ECG. METHODS AND RESULTS: Comprehensive mutational analysis was performed on I(to)-encoding KCNA4, KCND2, and KCND3 …