Correlating specific conductivity with total hardness in gypsum karst waters

Abstract Modern digital conductivity meters are readily portable, robust, cheap, and give precisely reproducible values of specific electrical conductivity (SpC, in µS cm −1 ). Here we investigate the accuracy of their estimates of the amounts of gypsum dissolved in waters collected in gypsum karst terrains, expressed as total hardness (TH) in mg L −1 of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O (GYP). Total dissolved solid concentrations (TDS) are also considered. …