Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low- and middle-income countries, 2000–2018 Journal Articles uri icon

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abstract

  • AbstractExclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for example, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.

authors

  • Bhattacharjee, Natalia V
  • Schaeffer, Lauren E
  • Hay, Simon I
  • Lu, Dan
  • Schipp, Megan F
  • Lazzar-Atwood, Alice
  • Donkers, Katie M
  • Abady, Gdiom Gebreheat
  • Abd-Allah, Foad
  • Abdelalim, Ahmed
  • Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam
  • Abejie, Ayenew Negesse
  • Abosetugn, Akine Eshete
  • Abreu, Lucas Guimarães
  • Abrigo, Michael RM
  • Abu-Gharbieh, Eman
  • Abushouk, Abdelrahman I
  • Adamu, Aishatu L
  • Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi
  • Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel
  • Adekanmbi, Victor
  • Adetokunboh, Olatunji O
  • Agudelo-Botero, Marcela
  • Aji, Budi
  • Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo
  • Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw
  • Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour
  • Alanzi, Turki M
  • Albright, James
  • Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
  • Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun
  • Alhassan, Robert Kaba
  • Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir
  • Ali, Saqib
  • Alinia, Cyrus
  • Alipour, Vahid
  • Amit, Arianna Maever L
  • Amugsi, Dickson A
  • Anbesu, Etsay Woldu
  • Ancuceanu, Robert
  • Anjomshoa, Mina
  • Ansari, Fereshteh
  • Antonio, Carl Abelardo T
  • Anvari, Davood
  • Arabloo, Jalal
  • Arora, Amit
  • Artanti, Kurnia Dwi
  • Asemahagn, Mulusew A
  • Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse
  • Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi
  • Ausloos, Marcel
  • Awoke, Nefsu
  • Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala
  • Ayanore, Martin Amogre
  • Aynalem, Yared Asmare
  • Ayza, Muluken Altaye
  • Azene, Zelalem Nigussie
  • Darshan, BB
  • Badiye, Ashish D
  • Baig, Atif Amin
  • Bakkannavar, Shankar M
  • Banach, Maciej
  • Banik, Palash Chandra
  • Bärnighausen, Till Winfried
  • Basaleem, Huda
  • Bayati, Mohsen
  • Baye, Bayisa Abdissa
  • Bedi, Neeraj
  • Belay, Sefealem Assefa
  • Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth
  • Bhandari, Dinesh
  • Bhardwaj, Nikha
  • Bhardwaj, Pankaj
  • Bhutta, Zulfiqar A
  • Bijani, Ali
  • Birhan, Tsegaye Adane
  • Birihane, Binyam Minuye
  • Bitew, Zebenay Workneh
  • Bohlouli, Somayeh
  • Bohluli, Mahdi
  • Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa
  • Boloor, Archith
  • Brady, Oliver J
  • Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi
  • Brunoni, Andre R
  • Budhathoki, Shyam S
  • Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina
  • Butt, Zahid A
  • Cárdenas, Rosario
  • Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio
  • Castro, Franz
  • Cernigliaro, Achille
  • Charan, Jaykaran
  • Chatterjee, Pranab
  • Chatterjee, Souranshu
  • Chattu, Vijay Kumar
  • Chaturvedi, Sarika
  • Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir
  • Chu, Dinh-Toi
  • Collison, Michael L
  • Cook, Aubrey J
  • Cork, Michael A
  • Couto, Rosa AS
  • Dagnew, Baye
  • Dai, Haijiang
  • Dandona, Lalit
  • Dandona, Rakhi
  • Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz
  • Darwesh, Aso Mohammad
  • Darwish, Amira Hamed
  • Daryani, Ahmad
  • Das, Jai K
  • Gupta, Rajat Das
  • Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
  • Davis, Adrian Charles
  • Weaver, Nicole Davis
  • Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar
  • Deribe, Kebede
  • Desalew, Assefa
  • Deshpande, Aniruddha
  • Dessie, Awrajaw
  • Deuba, Keshab
  • Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda
  • Dhimal, Meghnath
  • Dhungana, Govinda Prasad
  • Diaz, Daniel
  • Didarloo, Alireza
  • Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi
  • Doan, Linh Phuong
  • Duko, Bereket
  • Duraes, Andre Rodrigues
  • Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura
  • Earl, Lucas
  • Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed
  • Tantawi, Maha El
  • Elema, Teshome Bekele
  • Elhabashy, Hala Rashad
  • El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I
  • Faris, Pawan Sirwan
  • Faro, Andre
  • Farzadfar, Farshad
  • Feigin, Valery L
  • Feleke, Berhanu Elfu
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  • Fischer, Florian
  • Foigt, Nataliya A
  • Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
  • Franklin, Richard Charles
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  • Gaidhane, Shilpa
  • Gardner, William M
  • Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle
  • Gebregiorgis, Birhan Gebresillassie
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  • Ghaffarpasand, Fariborz
  • Gilani, Syed Amir
  • Ginindza, Themba G
  • Glagn, Mustefa
  • Golechha, Mahaveer
  • Gonfa, Kebebe Bekele
  • Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia
  • Gudi, Nachiket
  • Guido, Davide
  • Guled, Rashid Abdi
  • Guo, Yuming
  • Hamidi, Samer
  • Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes
  • Hasaballah, Ahmed I
  • Hassan, Amr
  • Hayat, Khezar
  • Hegazy, Mohamed I
  • Heidari, Behnam
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  • Herteliu, Claudiu
  • de Hidru, Hagos Degefa
  • Ho, Hung Chak
  • Hoang, Chi Linh
  • Holla, Ramesh
  • Hon, Julia
  • Hosseini, Mostafa
  • Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi
  • Househ, Mowafa
  • Hsairi, Mohamed
  • Hu, Guoqing
  • Huda, Tanvir M
  • Hwang, Bing-Fang
  • Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel
  • Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
  • Ilic, Irena M
  • Ilic, Milena D
  • Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja
  • Iqbal, Usman
  • Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi
  • Islam, M Mofizul
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  • Iwu, Chinwe Juliana
  • Jain, Animesh
  • Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar
  • Javaheri, Tahereh
  • John-Akinola, Yetunde O
  • Johnson, Kimberly B
  • Joukar, Farahnaz
  • Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
  • Kabir, Ali
  • Kalankesh, Leila R
  • Kalhor, Rohollah
  • Kamath, Ashwin
  • Kamyari, Naser
  • Kanchan, Other Tanuj
  • Kapoor, Neeti
  • Matin, Behzad Karami
  • Karimi, Salah Eddin
  • Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe
  • Kassahun, Getinet
  • Kassebaum, Nicholas J
  • Kayode, Gbenga A
  • Karyani, Ali Kazemi
  • Keiyoro, Peter Njenga
  • Kelkay, Bayew
  • Khalid, Nauman
  • Khan, Md Nuruzzaman
  • Khatab, Khaled
  • Khater, Amir M
  • Khater, Mona M
  • Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli
  • Kim, Yun Jin
  • Kimokoti, Ruth W
  • Kinyoki, Damaris K
  • Kisa, Adnan
  • Kisa, Sezer
  • Kosen, Soewarta
  • Krishan, Kewal
  • Kulkarni, Vaman
  • Kumar, G Anil
  • Kumar, Manasi
  • Kumar, Nithin
  • Kumar, Pushpendra
  • Kurmi, Om P
  • Kusuma, Dian
  • Vecchia, Carlo La
  • Lad, Sheetal D
  • Lami, Faris Hasan
  • Landires, Iván
  • Lansingh, Van Charles
  • Lasrado, Savita
  • Lee, Paul H
  • LeGrand, Kate E
  • Letourneau, Ian D
  • Lewycka, Sonia
  • Li, Bingyu
  • Li, Ming-Chieh
  • Li, Shanshan
  • Liu, Xuefeng
  • Lodha, Rakesh
  • Lopez, Jaifred Christian F
  • Louie, Celia
  • Machado, Daiane Borges
  • Maled, Venkatesh
  • Maleki, Shokofeh
  • Malta, Deborah Carvalho
  • Mamun, Abdullah A
  • Manafi, Navid
  • Mansournia, Mohammad Ali
  • Mapoma, Chabila Christopher
  • Marczak, Laurie B
  • Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio
  • Mehndiratta, Man Mohan
  • Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola
  • Mekonnen, Tefera Chane
  • Mendoza, Walter
  • Menezes, Ritesh G
  • Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku
  • Mersha, Abera M
  • Miller, Ted R
  • Mini, GK
  • Mirrakhimov, Erkin M
  • Misra, Sanjeev
  • Moghadaszadeh, Masoud
  • Mohammad, Dara K
  • Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
  • Mohammed, Jemal Abdu
  • Mohammed, Shafiu
  • Mokdad, Ali H
  • Montero-Zamora, Pablo A
  • Moradi, Masoud
  • Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah
  • Moraga, Paula
  • Mosser, Jonathan F
  • Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam
  • Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi
  • Munro, Sandra B
  • Muriithi, Moses K
  • Mustafa, Ghulam
  • Muthupandian, Saravanan
  • Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman
  • Naik, Gurudatta
  • Naimzada, Mukhammad David
  • Nangia, Vinay
  • Nascimento, Bruno Ramos
  • Nayak, Vinod C
  • Ndejjo, Rawlance
  • Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith
  • Negoi, Ionut
  • Nguefack-Tsague, Georges
  • Ngunjiri, Josephine W
  • Nguyen, Cuong Tat
  • Nguyen, Diep Ngoc
  • Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi
  • Nigussie, Samuel Negash
  • Nigussie, Tadesse TN
  • Nikbakhsh, Rajan
  • Nnaji, Chukwudi A
  • Nunez-Samudio, Virginia
  • Oancea, Bogdan
  • Oghenetega, Onome Bright
  • Olagunju, Andrew
  • Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola
  • Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun
  • Omer, Muktar Omer
  • Onwujekwe, Obinna E
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  • Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E
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  • Mahesh, PA
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  • Parsekar, Shradha S
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  • Rabiee, Mohammad
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  • Rahimzadeh, Shadi
  • Rahman, Azizur
  • Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
  • Rahmani, Amir Masoud
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  • Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal
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  • Rastogi, Prateek
  • Rathi, Priya
  • Rawaf, David Laith
  • Rawaf, Salman
  • Rawassizadeh, Reza
  • Rawat, Rahul
  • Rawat, Ramu
  • Regassa, Lemma Demissie
  • Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago
  • Reiner, Robert C
  • Reshmi, Bhageerathy
  • Rezapour, Aziz
  • Ribeiro, Ana Isabel
  • Rickard, Jennifer
  • Roever, Leonardo
  • Rumisha, Susan Fred
  • Rwegerera, Godfrey M
  • Sagar, Rajesh
  • Sajadi, S Mohammad
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  • Sbarra, Alyssa N
  • Sengupta, Debarka
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  • Tapak, Leili
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  • Teshome, Abinet
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  • Topor-Madry, Roman
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  • Tsegaye, Berhan Tsegaye BT
  • Ullah, Irfan
  • Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David
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  • Upadhyay, Era
  • Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi
  • VanderHeide, John David
  • Violante, Francesco S
  • Vo, Bay
  • Wado, Yohannes Dibaba
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  • Wamai, Richard G
  • Wang, Fang
  • Wang, Yafeng
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  • Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
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  • Wiysonge, Charles Shey
  • Woyczynski, Lauren
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  • Yeshaneh, Alex
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  • Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew
  • Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu
  • Yip, Paul
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  • Yosef, Tewodros
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  • Yu, Chuanhua
  • Yu, Yong
  • Yuce, Deniz
  • Zafar, Shamsa
  • Zaidi, Syed Saoud
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  • Zamanian, Maryam
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  • Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
  • Zastrozhina, Anasthasia
  • Zelellw, Desalege Amare
  • Zhang, Yunquan
  • Zhang, Zhi-Jiang
  • Zhao, Xiu-Ju George
  • Zodpey, Sanjay
  • Zuniga, Yves Miel H
  • Hay, Simon I

publication date

  • August 2021