Choosing appropriate tools and referral criteria for vision screening of children aged 4–5 years in Canada: a quantitative analysis

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of five vision screening tools used in a school setting using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). DESIGN: We compared the results of the five best evidence-based screening tools available in 2014 to the results of a comprehensive eye exam with cycloplegic refraction by a licenced optometrist. Screening included Cambridge Crowded Acuity …