Optical waveguide components for beam forming in phased‐array antennas

A four‐channel array of rf modulated laser signals was generated in a LiNbO3 optical waveguide network by heterodyne mixing of two input lightwaves. Independent control of the rf phase in each channel was provided by integrated optical phase shifters. An optical frequency shifter was demonstrated to produce the required input signals. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 15: 46–49, 1997.