Descriptive epidemiology of high frequency component based on heart rate variability from 10-second ECG data and daily physical activity among community adult residents: the Nagahama Study

Characteristics of high frequency (HF) component based on heart rate variability (HRV) in a large general population remain unclear, particularly on the relationship with daily physical activity. We aimed to characterize the distribution of HF component and examine the association with daily physical activity among community residents. We performed spectral analysis of HRV from 10-second ECG recordings among 9135 residents aged 30 to 74 years in Nagahama City, Japan. HF components were log-transformed to consider the distribution. Simple correlations between HF and age were determined. Age-adjusted mean values of HF component were calculated for each questionnaire item related to daily physical activity. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of daily physical activity on HF component value. Mean values of logarithmically-transformed HF component (lnHF) were higher in women than in men (p < 0.001). lnHF was inversely associated with age (r = -0.40, -0.49 for men, women, respectively). Adjusted mean lnHF for physically active people was significantly higher than that in inactive people (p < 0.001). HF components from 10-second ECG recordings were moderately and negatively correlated with age in both sexes, and positively correlated with daily physical activity in the general adult population. Maintaining the level of daily physical activity, especially to exercise regularly could keep the parasympathetic function high.