Numerical study of ice-induced loads and responses of a monopile-type offshore wind turbine in parked and operating conditions

Offshore wind is an attractive source of renewable energy. In regions with cold climates, such as Canada, the Baltic Sea, and Bohai Bay, a good understanding of ice loads is essential to design a reliable and cost effective support structure for an offshore wind turbine. This paper presents a study of the dynamic ice–structure interaction of a commonly used monopile-type offshore wind turbine in drifting level ice in both parked and operating …