Simulation‐based optimization of dual‐phase vacuum extraction to remove nonaqueous phase liquids in subsurface

An integrated simulation‐optimization system was developed for supporting decisions of the dual phase vacuum extraction (DPVE) processes. The system coupled a DPVE process simulator, a multivariate regression tool and a nonlinear optimization model into a general framework. A stepwise‐cluster‐analysis technique was provided for establishing a DPVE process forecasting system for describing the relationships between remediation actions and system …