Integrated Simulation-Optimization Approach for Real-Time Dynamic Modeling and Process Control of Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation at Petroleum-Contaminated Sites

Surfactant-enhanced remediation is an effective approach for dealing with subsurface-contaminated sites. However, in studying and controlling the related processes, difficulties exist in incorporating a complicated numerical simulation model that is needed for process forecasting within a real-time nonlinear optimization framework that is critical for supporting process control. In this study, an integrated simulation-optimization approach was …