Planning municipal-scale mixed energy system for stimulating renewable energy under multiple uncertainties - The City of Qingdao in Shandong Province, China

Rapidly increased coal consumption has caused dramatically pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, such that utilizing renewable energy to substitute high pollutant and carbon fuels is crucial to fulfill sustainable development. In this study, an interval possibilistic-stochastic programming (IPSP) method that is capable of dealing with multiple uncertainties existed in the real-world mixed energy system (MES) is developed. Then, the …