The formal and informal surgical ethics curriculum: views of resident and staff surgeons in Toronto

BACKGROUND: Understanding what staff surgeons think surgical trainees should learn and the ethical issues that trainees need to manage can strengthen surgical ethics education. METHODS: Participants were recruited from the 15 surgical specialty and subspecialty programs at the University of Toronto. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 13 ethics coordinators from the surgical staff and 64 resident trainees. Data were …