Metformin increases peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ Co‐activator‐1α and utrophin a expression in dystrophic skeletal muscle

INTRODUCTION: Metformin (MET) stimulates skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key phenotype remodeling protein with emerging therapeutic relevance for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our aim was to identify the mechanism of impact of MET on dystrophic muscle. METHODS: We investigated the effects of MET in cultured C2 C12 muscle cells and mdx mouse skeletal muscle. Expression of potent phenotypic modifiers was assessed, …