9 Laser surface modification and the tissue–implant interface

The osseointegration process around metal implants may be controlled by biomimetic design of implantable surfaces to mimic the multiscale nature of bone. The use of lasers for implant surface modification has great potential for creating hierarchical structures – from macrogeometries to site-specific nanoscale modifications. On the macroscale, features of 100–200μm are believed to be optimal for the formation of remodelled osteonal, while …