Evidence Base for Stenting

This chapter focuses on the most commonly contended scenarios where stents may or may not be utilized. It appraises the medical literature surrounding these scenarios and provides an examination of the supporting evidence behind their management. The chapter also focuses on ureteral calculi‐related obstruction and resultant infected hydronephrosis. Ureteral stenting after endoscopic lithotripsy is thought to prevent ureteral obstruction and renal colic that may develop secondary to stone manipulation. The chapter provides references to and describes the results of critically appraised literature in order to support diagnostic and treatment measures for acute infectious obstruction. It examines the evidence for the use of ureteric stents during a percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The current ureteral guidelines for the management of ureteral calculi endorsed by the AUA and EUA groups state the use of ureteral stenting after ureteroscopy for stone management is an optional adjunctive procedure.