Mononuclear phagocytic system and fibrosis: back to the future?

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation [1–3], with histopathological characteristics of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) that includes small airway epithelial disruption, submucosal inflammation and fibrosis, and obstruction of airway lumen. Clinical diagnosis is based on persistent decline of the allograft lung function measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s and/or …