Hydraulic fracturing characteristics of heterogeneous rock with hard inclusion distributed

A smeared crack model of hydraulic fracturing numerical calculation is proposed based on the complete liquid-solid coupled elastoplastic theory. In this model, the elastic part of the material uses the linear elastic constitutive relations; the plastic part adopts the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and hardening criterion. To simulate the fluid flow in the crack, the permeability is modified according to the current state of effective stress. …