Influence of impeller-tongue interaction on the unsteady cavitation behavior in a centrifugal pump

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the cavitation dynamics in the blade channel of a centrifugal pump with a particular focus on the direct influence of the pump’s volute. Design/methodology/approach – A homogeneous multiphase model, namely the Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model, is employed to numerically describe the evolution of the process of cavitation within the pump. The RNG k-e turbulence model is applied to analyze the unsteady turbulent flow. A second order implicit formulation is used for the time discretization for the unsteady flow calculation and a finite volume algorithm is used for the space discretization. Findings – The cavities in the passage exhibit an obvious life cycle which includes initiation, growth, contraction, and separation, and collapse with a frequency corresponding to the impeller rotation frequency under off-design conditions. This phenomenon arises through an alternating interaction between reverse flow with the cavity interface and is associated with the response of the vortex region to the effect of uneven pressure distribution on volute and impeller-tongue interaction. Originality/value – This study simulated and analyzed the complex transient cavitation flow patterns inside a centrifugal pump and explains the reason for the unsteadiness. This knowledge is instructive in achieving the stable operation of pumps and in trouble shooting rough or cavitating operation.