Symptom Assessment

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents symptomatically and the main aim of treatment is to reduce or abolish these reflux-related symptoms. Objective tests such as endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, and esophageal histology, identify a high proportion of patients who have reflux-related esophageal injury but they identify a smaller proportion of patients with “typical” reflux symptoms and, probably, a yet smaller proportion with …