Mass transfer in back-to-back elbows arranged in an out of plane configuration

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) is a major degradation mechanism affecting carbon steel piping systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Flow and mass transfer conditions determine the local distribution of wall thinning, even though chemistry and materials determine the overall potential for FAC. Different localized thinning rates in back-to-back elbow configurations between the first and second elbows have been noted at NPPs, and this …