Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Early Renal Insufficiency

Patients with end-stage renal disease die from cardiovascular disease at a much younger age than people in the general population do. Here, we review the evidence linking early renal insufficiency (ERI) to an increased cardiovascular risk. A number of cardiovascular risk factors become prevalent with ERI, including night-time hypertension, increase in serum levels of lipoprotein (a), homocysteine and asymmetric dimethyl-arginine, and insulin …