Cigarette Smoke Exposure Elicits Increased Autophagy and Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Murine Granulosa Cells1

Cigarette smoking is a lifestyle behavior associated with significant adverse health effects, including subfertility and premature ovarian failure. Cigarette smoke contains a number of chemicals, many of which are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy is a fundamental process that removes damaged organelles and proteins through lysosomal degradation. The relevance of …