A multi-stochastic fractional programming for sustainable forestry ecological restoration: Managing uncertainties in Kashgar Region, Xinjiang

Abstract

Forest ecological restoration is becoming increasingly crucial in global sustainable development plans aimed at mitigating climate change and achieving carbon neutrality. Optimal management is now a key component in this process. To address the challenges and evolving demands of stakeholders in forest ecological restoration, this study integrates interval linear programming (ILP), chance-constrained programming (CCP), mixed-integer programming …