Sleep and physical activity: the experiences of adults with cerebral palsy and recommendations for clinical practice

PURPOSE: Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) face challenges maintaining physical activity and good sleep. This study explores their experiences and describes factors influencing sleep and physical activity. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with fourteen adults aged 23 to 58, of whom thirteen were ambulant. Participants were recruited via the Dutch patient organization for individuals with CP. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: balancing energy, rest and activity, and separate themes on sleep and physical activity. Balancing energy, rest and activity included subthemes of managing personal resources, interaction between sleep and physical activity, and presence of appropriate support and resources. Maintaining a healthy 24-h balance was crucial, yet participants often struggled achieving this balance and finding appropriate support. Experiences with sleep and physical activity were categorized into mental, physical, and environmental subthemes, which are closely interconnected. CONCLUSIONS: People with CP have difficulties with sleep, physical activity, and maintaining a healthy 24-h balance. Despite their motivation to maintain well-being, they often lack adequate support. Addressing these issues holistically can improve care and support for adults with CP. Youth rehabilitation services play a critical role in preparing adolescents with CP for adulthood by fostering self-management skills.