Deja vu or jamais vu? Using a 20-y record to discern how coastal wetlands of eastern and northern Georgian Bay responds to climate-induced water-level disturbances

Impacts of climate change include greater extremes in both air and water temperatures, precipitation, ice cover and lake levels. Over the past 2 decades, Georgian Bay has experienced an unprecedented 14 years of continuous low water levels, followed by 6 years of above average water levels peaking in 2020; water levels are predicted to fall below historic lows by 2030. Among the Laurentian Great Lakes, this water-level scenario is unique to …