Unveiling impacts and optimal strategies of water-saving system for integrated water resources management in a water-scarce watershed

In this study, impacts and optimal strategies of water-saving system are identified through developing a novel stochastic bi-level programming-based water saving and trading simulation model for water resources regulation (SB-WSTM). The link between socio-economic and water resources under uncertain conditions, as well as participation of government water-saving subsidy and water-saving facilities (i.e., sprinkler irrigation, micro-irrigation, …