Operation optimization and performance evaluation of photovoltaic-wind-hydrogen-based integrated energy system under carbon trading mechanism and uncertainty for urban communities

The integrated energy system (IES) can promote the accommodation of renewable energy, achieve efficient energy utilization, and reduce carbon emissions, which is a crucial direction of energy system transformation development. This study proposes an optimal design and scheduling operation framework of photovoltaic-wind-hydrogen-based IES coupled with multiple heterogeneous energy flows and energy storages for urban communities. The carbon …