Rivaroxaban in Rheumatic Heart Disease–Associated Atrial Fibrillation Journal Articles uri icon

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abstract

  • BACKGROUND: Testing of factor Xa inhibitors for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation has been limited. METHODS: We enrolled patients with atrial fibrillation and echocardiographically documented rheumatic heart disease who had any of the following: a CHA2DS2VASc score of at least 2 (on a scale from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of stroke), a mitral-valve area of no more than 2 cm2, left atrial spontaneous echo contrast, or left atrial thrombus. Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard doses of rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted vitamin K antagonist. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, or death from vascular (cardiac or noncardiac) or unknown causes. We hypothesized that rivaroxaban therapy would be noninferior to vitamin K antagonist therapy. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding according to the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis. RESULTS: Of 4565 enrolled patients, 4531 were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the patients was 50.5 years, and 72.3% were women. Permanent discontinuation of trial medication was more common with rivaroxaban than with vitamin K antagonist therapy at all visits. In the intention-to-treat analysis, 560 patients in the rivaroxaban group and 446 in the vitamin K antagonist group had a primary-outcome event. Survival curves were nonproportional. The restricted mean survival time was 1599 days in the rivaroxaban group and 1675 days in the vitamin K antagonist group (difference, -76 days; 95% confidence interval [CI], -121 to -31; P<0.001). A higher incidence of death occurred in the rivaroxaban group than in the vitamin K antagonist group (restricted mean survival time, 1608 days vs. 1680 days; difference, -72 days; 95% CI, -117 to -28). No significant between-group difference in the rate of major bleeding was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation, vitamin K antagonist therapy led to a lower rate of a composite of cardiovascular events or death than rivaroxaban therapy, without a higher rate of bleeding. (Funded by Bayer; INVICTUS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02832544.).

authors

  • Shoamanesh, Ashkan
  • Connolly, Stuart J
  • Karthikeyan, Ganesan
  • Ntsekhe, Mpiko
  • Haileamlak, Abraham
  • El Sayed, Ahmed
  • El Ghamrawy, Alaa
  • Damasceno, Albertino
  • Avezum, Alvaro
  • Dans, Antonio ML
  • Gitura, Bernard
  • Hu, Dayi
  • Kamanzi, Emmanuel R
  • Maklady, Fathi
  • Fana, Golden
  • Gonzalez-Hermosillo, J Antonio
  • Musuku, John
  • Kazmi, Khawar
  • Zühlke, Liesl
  • Gondwe, Lillian
  • Ma, Changsheng
  • Paniagua, Maria
  • Ogah, Okechukwu S
  • Molefe-Baikai, Onkabetse J
  • Lwabi, Peter
  • Chillo, Pilly
  • Sharma, Sanjib K
  • Cabral, Tantchou TJ
  • Tarhuni, Wadea M
  • Benz, Alexander
  • van Eikels, Martin
  • Krol, Amy
  • Pattath, Divya
  • Balasubramanian, Kumar
  • Rangarajan, Sumathy
  • Ramasundarahettige, Chinthanie
  • Mayosi, Bongani
  • Yusuf, Salim

publication date

  • September 15, 2022