An improved Marciniak-Kuczynski approach for predicting sheet metal formability

The Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) approach is the most renowned numerical method for forming limit strain curve (FLC) determination. In the commonly used M-K model, the thickness imperfection orientation (ψ) in the sheet plane is variable and the analysis is looped for different initial imperfection orientations (ψ0 ) for each strain route (ρ), which causes enormous computational waste. In addition, the predicted necking angle may obviously deviate …