A copula-based stochastic fractional programming method for optimizing water-food-energy nexus system under uncertainty in the Aral Sea basin

Abstract

A copula-based stochastic fractional programming (CSFP) method is developed for optimizing water-food-energy nexus (WFEN) system, which can tackle random variables under conflicting objectives and analyze the interrelationship between marginal benefit and system-failure risk. Then, a CSFP-WFEN model is formulated for the Aral Sea basin and multiple scenarios with individual- and joint-probabilistic risks related to water resources, arable land, …