A hybrid ensemble modelling framework for the prediction of breakup ice jams on Northern Canadian Rivers

The forecasting of river ice jams faces challenges relating to both the availability of data and the complexity of river ice dynamics, resulting in difficulties in model formulation. In this study, a hybrid ensemble modelling framework is developed to address the data scarcity issue and leverage advanced machine learning techniques for the prediction of ice jams with a one-day lead time. The proposed methodology utilises data easily monitored …