Molecular Gas in Candidate Double‐barred Galaxies. I. The Diverse Morphology and Dynamics of NGC 2273 and NGC 5728
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abstract
Double bars have been proposed as a means of transporting molecular gas past
inner Lindblad resonances into the nuclear regions, where it can fuel active or
starburst nuclei. Thus far, the existence of double bars has been determined
predominantly through analysis of near infrared images, which can tell us
little about the dynamics and inflow rates of these systems. We have observed
two double bar galaxy candidates (NGC 2273 and NGC 5728) in CO J=1-0 with the
Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array. Despite the similarity in the
near infrared images of these galaxies, we see rather different nuclear
morphologies in the CO maps. NGC 2273 shows evidence of a nuclear gas bar,
aligned with the nuclear stellar bar seen in the near infrared images. Both the
nuclear gaseous and stellar bars are misaligned from the large scale bar by
approximately 90 degrees, which also allows the possibility that both are the
result of stars and gas populating the $x_2$ orbits of the primary bar.
Estimates using dynamical friction arguments and star formation rates suggest
significant gas inflow rates along the nuclear bar of NGC 2273. Conversely, NGC
5728 does not show any evidence for a nuclear molecular bar, but shows an arc
of CO clumps that peaks just to the south-west of the dynamical center and
curves to the south-east where it follows the dust lane to the south. Models of
double-barred galaxies suggest that these galaxies should contain large amounts
of molecular gas in their nuclei. Our calculations suggest that both galaxies
contain sufficient amounts of gas in their nuclei, but only NGC 2273 shows
evidence for a nuclear gas bar. This may be the result of past episodes of star
formation exhausting and dispersing the nuclear gas of NGC 5728, but is more
likely evidence that NGC 5728 has undergone a minor merger event.