Advanced Characterization of Oxidation Processes and Grain Boundary Migration in Ni Alloys Exposed to 480 °C Hydrogenated Steam

Advanced electron microscopy and surface science techniques were applied to characterize inter- and intragranular oxidation in Ni–Fe–Cr alloys after exposure to 480 °C hydrogenated steam. Intragranular internal Fe and Cr oxidation was observed in all cases while intergranular oxidation, exclusively external or penetrative, varied depending on the Cr content of the alloy. The kinetics and morphology of intragranular internal oxidation and nodule …