Understanding the impact of big data on firm performance: The necessity of conceptually differentiating among big data characteristics

This study uses the resource-based view to explore the impact of data volume, data velocity, and data variety, which are the main characteristics of big data, on firm performance and the mediating roles of data value and data veracity on these relationships. To test the research model, we collected data from 143 top and middle level managers in the United States. The findings show that data variety positively improves data value generation, whereas data volume and data velocity do not impact it. Additionally, while data volume negatively impacts data veracity, data velocity and data variety positively impact it. Findings indicate the necessity of conceptually differentiating among big data characteristics in investigating their impacts on firm outcomes instead of treating big data as a holistic variable. The study provides useful insights for researchers and managers willing to better understand the role of big data characteristics in influencing firm performance.