Efficient unified hourglass stabilization for one point quadrature three dimensional shell elements

The application of the finite element method to large scale problems involving non-linear shells, necessitates the use of efficient element formulations. This can be achieved using single point quadrature to integrate linearly interpolated shell elements. However, the spurious hourglass deformation modes that may occur with such formulations must be controlled if useful results are to be obtained. In the past, simplified approximations have …