Subcycled hourglass control for explicit time integration of finite elements

Explicit methods, such as the central difference operator, rely on the economical evaluation of internal forces at each time step. One-point quadrature provides the greatest efficiency, but hourglass control is required to eliminate spurious zero energy modes. To be computationally practical, hourglass control involves considerable approximation in the spatial integration of the element. Consequently, the precision of the temporal integration …