Transformation of alumina inclusions by calcium treatment in the ladle metallurgy furnace

In the processing of Al-killed steels, a common approach for modification of solid alumina to liquid or partially liquid calcium aluminate inclusions is by calcium treatment In the present work a fundamental multi-layer growth model is proposed for modification of alumina inclusions considering both diffusion through product layers and mass transfer of solute through the boundary layer to the inclusion. It is assumed that interface is thermodynamically in equilibrium with the steel. The results show that the inclusion will transform to liquid calcium aluminate very quickly which is in agreement with other researchers observations.