Waste Management Model Associated with Public-Private Partnership in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

A waste management model associated with public-private partnerships (WMMPPP) was formulated and applied to the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The WMMPPP has the advantages of considering a combination of public and private services so that trade-offs between system costs and service quality can be addressed. Meanwhile, uncertain information presented as interval numbers can be effectively communicated into the optimization processes such …