Traffic Condition Monitoring with SCAAT Kalman Filter-based Data Fusion in Toronto, Canada

For a particular section of a road network, there are multiple sources of quantitative and qualitative traffic information. Quantitative sensors are usually hardware-based, including loop detectors and GPS devices that produce numerical data. Qualitative sensors are usually processed data, including the traffic department’s websites and radio broadcasts that produce subjective categorical data based on hidden processes. Each sensor is …