Tuberculosis risk from exposure to solid fuel smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Studies, particularly from low-income and middle-income countries, suggest that exposure to smoke from household air pollution (HAP) may be a risk factor for tuberculosis. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the risk of tuberculosis from HAP and explore bias and identify possible causes for heterogeneity in reported effect sizes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted from original studies. Meta-analysis was performed …